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In Universal Man, noted biographer and historian Richard Davenport-Hines revives our understanding of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), the twentieth century’s most charismatic and revolutionary economist. Keynes helped FDR launch the New Deal, saved Britain from financial crisis twice over the course of two World Wars, and instructed Western nations on how to protect themselves from revolutionary unrest, economic instability, high unemployment, and social dissolution. Isaiah Berlin called Keynes “the cleverest man I ever knew”—both “superior and intellectually awe-inspiring.” Eric Hobsbawm, the twentieth century’s preeminent historian, considered him as influential as Lenin, Stalin, Roosevelt, Hitler, Churchill, Gandhi, and Mao. Keynes was nothing less than the Adam Smith of his time: his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936, became the most important economics book of the twentieth century, as important as Smith’s Wealth of Nations in inaugurating an economic era.
Keynes’s brilliant ideas made possible 35 years of prosperity after the Second World War, the most sustained period of rapid expansion in history. And now, and in the wake of the 2008 global economic collapse, he is once again shaping our world. Every day, we are likely to hear about “Keynesian economics” or the “Keynesian Revolution,” terms that testify to his continuing influence on both economic theory and government policies. Indeed, with the thorough discrediting of his opponents—Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, Alan Greenspan, and other supporters of the notion that capitalism is self-regulating, and needs no government intervention—nations across the world are turning to Keynes’s signature innovations: above all that governments must involve themselves in their economies to stave off financial collapse.
Previous biographies have explored Keynes economic thought at great length and often in the jargon of the discipline. Universal Man is the first accessible biography of Keynes, and reveals Keynes as much more than an economist. Like many Englishmen of his class and era, Keynes compartmentalized his life. Accordingly, Davenport-Hines views Keynes through multiple windows, as a youthful prodigy, a powerful government official, an influential public man, a bisexual living in the shadow of Oscar Wilde’s persecution, a devotee of the arts, and an international statesman of great renown. Delving into Keynes’s experiences and thought, Davenport-Hines shows us a man who was equally at ease socialising with the Bloomsbury Group as he was persuading heads of state to adopt his policies. Exploring the desires and experiences that compelled Keynes to innovate, Davenport-Hines is the first to argue that Keynesian economics has an aesthetic basis.
In this book we come to understand not just the most enduringly influential economist of the modern era, but one of the most gifted and vital men of our times: a disciplined logician with a capacity for glee who persuaded people, seduced them, subverted old ideas, and installed new ones; a man whose high brilliance did not give people vertigo, but clarified and lengthened their perspectives. Engaging, learned, and sparkling with wit and insight, Universal Man is the perfect match for its subject.
- Sales Rank: #438912 in Books
- Published on: 2015-05-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.25" h x 1.33" w x 6.13" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 432 pages
Review
Wall Street Journal
“Quite short, readable and a lot of fun in a rather tawdry sort of way, it is the ideal companion for a weekend break or a short holiday. Certainly it is the best biography now available for noneconomists.”
Forbes.com
“Richard Davenport-Hines has given us an internationally acclaimed book that will reward its readers both in pleasure and in virtue.”
Economist
“A biography of John Maynard Keynes without the economics may seem like ‘Hamlet’ without the prince. But Richard Davenport-Hines has set out to write such a book, and the result is utterly absorbing.... Davenport-Hines manages to pick out little-known stories, brilliant details and curiosities, relayed with affection.... [An] accomplished biography.”
The Times Book of the Week (UK)
“For the reader already acquainted with the economics, or indeed not especially interested, there is a lot of fun to be had in this book.”
Financial Times
“With wit and grace, as well as a good deal of scholarly digging, the author looks at Keynes in seven distinct but overlapping guises.... [I]t is always, in Davenport-Hines’s hands, a story told in an incisive and thoughtful way.... The book conveys its own vision of this wholly extraordinary and undeniably idiosyncratic figure with persuasive artistry and conviction.”
Spectator (UK)
“[F]ascinating reading.... [Davenport-Hines] has understood his subject better than any previous biographer.”
Daily Mail, UK
“Never has the biography of an economist been so gripping, so witty or, indeed, so racy: Keynes had countless flings with men before, as his biographer puts it, ‘he got the knack of heterosexuality’ and enjoyed a happy marriage.”
New Statesman (UK)
“Richard Davenport-Hines’ fine series of sketches of Keynes makes a clear case that he was a great man — intellectually dazzling and original, generous-spirited, industrious, astonishingly wide-ranging and largely effective.... Davenport-Hines has produced a very readable single volume that succeeds...by providing a professional, temperate and clear account of a gripping subject.”
Toronto Star, Canada
“[T]his marvelous book is a high achievement: It shows us Keynes as altruist, boy prodigy, official, public man, art connoisseur and envoy. He was a gay man who switched over when he met the Russian dancer Lydia Lopokova, an enjoyer of life who worked himself to death, an economic savior, a truly great man who never imposed a dull moment.”
Choice
“This book is organized in an unusual but very effective way…The result is that the intellectual, social, professional, and personal aspects of Keynes are described and analyzed both independently and as they interrelated to create a complex and brilliant thinker. This is a splendid biography that will fascinate the general reader and give new insight to the scholar. Highly recommended.”
Los Angeles Times
“Universal Man ranges effortlessly across Keynes’s overstuffed life.”
Mail on Sunday (UK)
“Davenport-Hines is incapable of writing a dull sentence. His prose sings, his curiosity is omnivorous and he has a piercingly sharp eye for detail.... Has there ever been a more entertaining biography of an economist? I doubt it.”
Sunday Times (UK)
“[A]n amusing, elegant and provocative writer...great fun. By focusing on Keynes as a private man and public figure rather than an academic economist, it is possible to see him as the last and greatest flowering of Edwardian Liberalism.”
Literary Review (UK)
“[A] first-class book, which I cannot praise highly enough.... Keynes possessed a largeness of mind that one can only call noble and a generosity of spirit that was truly princely. This admirable book does him justice.”
The Observer (UK)
“Treating Keynes’s lives as interesting and valuable for their own sake, and not just as a means to his economics, gives them an extra vividness.... With a keen eye for telling detail and social connections, Davenport-Hines brilliantly conveys what one might call the peripheral atmospherics of Keynes’s existence.”
Independent (UK)
“Who said economists were dull? For anyone practising economics today...this book is a treat.... We read endlessly about Keynes the economist. But he was so much more and this unputdownable book explores not so much Keynes the economist as much as Keynes the man.”
Daily Mail (UK)
“[A] rewarding and fascinating book.”
Daily Telegraph (UK)
“[A] highly enjoyable series of portraits.... Above all, Davenport-Hines sells his title and his proposition: Keynes is about much more than borrowing and spending, deficits and interest rates and in order to understand his economics one needs to understand the man and his times.”
The Scotsman (UK)
“[An] engaging and sympathetic biography.... It is extremely difficult to write a biography for the general reader of a man much cleverer than oneself, and to do so admiringly yet critically, but Davenport-Hines brings it off.”
London Evening Standard (UK)
“[A] succinct, lively and well-written biography.... [Reducing the amount written on Keynes] has been done with great elegance and panache by Davenport-Hines, in a volume that will introduce Keynes and his strange world to a new generation of readers.”
H-Net
“[Davenport-Hines’s] lens is directed not at Keynes the macroeconomist but at Keynes the man himself. Fortunately, the author has a rich and compelling story to tell.…non-economists who have never read a Keynes biography and are not looking for lots of technical detail and jargon will find it an absorbing read. Even many economists, like me, are likely to derive some fun and profit from it.”
The Oldie (UK)
“This is an entrancing book, always light but never weightless and I am sure that John Maynard Keynes would have enjoyed it.”
Library Journal
“This book will suit a broad audience wanting to understand Keynes and the period in which he lived.”
Kirkus
“An admiring and nuanced book filled with insights into this scholar and man of action in all his complexity.”
Publishers Weekly
“[A] gracefully written biography.... This is a delightful, detailed portrait, rich in interesting anecdote and encompassing the entire roster of Keynes’s accomplishments.”
Eric Rauchway, author of The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction
“As often earthy as he was austere, cruel as he was humane, crude as he was genteel, Keynes the politician and economist yields here to Keynes the man. Richard Davenport-Hines’ fascinating character sketch shows that Keynes was all the things that the rest of us are, except ordinary.”
Sylvia Nasar, author of A Beautiful Mind
“Richard Davenport Hines’ portrait of Keynes is as vivid as fresh paint. You can see the genius of many parts dashing to Number Ten Downing Street or dancing a jig with Lydia. It’s wonderful.”
A. N. Wilson, author of Victoria: A Life
“A book which is worthy of its brilliant subject, Universal Man manages to expound Keynes’s ideas while shining with his own optimistic spirit. The fact that this is a book about intellectuals and ideas, does not prevent it from shimmering with low gossip. Richard Davenport-Hines is as deft at describing international political summit meetings as he is at evoking the ballet. Lively, funny, original, and beautifully written.”
Jay Parini, author of The Last Station: A Novel of Tolstoy's Final Year
“John Maynard Keynes was indeed the central economist of the twentieth century, a thinker of unimaginable breadth and influence. Keynes lived at the white-hot center of British intellectual and social life in his times, and he seems never to have missed a moment to relish what lay at hand. In the superb hands of Richard Davenport-Hines, one of the most gifted of critics, historians, and biographers at work today, his large life quivers into being, fully fleshed and deeply imagined. This book should attract a wide, admiring audience.”
About the Author
Richard Davenport-Hines is the award-winning author of Dudley Docker and acclaimed biographies of W.H. Auden and Marcel Proust. He is an adviser to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Royal Society of Literature, and a regular reviewer for the Sunday Telegraph, the Sunday Times and the Times Literary Supplement.
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Highly recommended presentation of Keynes the person.
By Charles A. Ellis MD
I have been collecting material by and about Keynes for more than 40 years, and this is the most satisfying of them all. The author deals at length with important aspects of Keynes's complex life, his professional activities and personal relationships, Though less-detailed than Sidelsky's admirable three-volume biography, this book is far more pleasant to sit down with of an evening without reader indigestion; yet it includes anecdotes, references and exposition much more easily approached than in the other volumes on my Keynes Shelf. It has been interesting to check material in this fine book with Moggridge, Harod, Skidelsky et alia, and I have never had the impression that Davenport-Hines has short-changed me.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A very good read on a key historical figure...More on economics would be great
By Charles de Trenck
(Apology: My understanding of early 20th century British history is not fully up to speed..)
I thoroughly enjoyed reading the book. It reads well and balances a history of the man with the context of his historical contributions. I was and remain averse to the Keynes legacy. But I appreciate the man a little more after reading the book.
I understand the man and his work better, and I can see the influences and the psychological backdrop that led Keynes along his path. To me, ultimately a “Hegelian desire for recognition” brought Keynes to his major turning point and his Economic Consequences of the Peace in 1919. I did not see Keynes as an Economist at this stage in his life. I saw him more as a journalist or writer with a conscience on an undercover mission. First, it was to do what he thought was right and to reveal the political machinations his idealist mind witnessed at the Versailles Peace Conference. Second, it was to redeem himself in front of his Bloomsbury Group peers, who saw him as a turncoat for the suits in Government. Keynes’s 1919 book might have been by some as something akin to Edward Snowden dumping reams of confidential memos and data on the internet. And it made him a hero with others.
The chapter on his personal life, his liaisons, was somewhat interesting. But the Lover chapter was also the one I enjoyed the least. I wasn’t into the semi-secret societies and male love intrigues, although I understand they are important to the context of Keynes’s “story”.
What I missed in the book, and would have appreciated would have been a full chapter on the economics of Keynes. I think such a chapter would complete the book – especially if it worked more at the psychology behind the ideas as well as a closer education on Keynes’s process of changing his views. I get that he changed his views as the times changed, and as he interpreted the fallacies in the UK post WWI socio-political system.
I can see as well that he was a man limited by the times he lived in. He wasn’t necessarily a visionary ahead of his time. He was the epitome of his time. At least from what I can see from the book, Keynes did not really see the end of empire until it hit him in the face when he began working with American negotiators as part of the British government teams shuttling back and forth to Washington DC during WWII.
What I also missed in the book is that Keynes is shown never to have had an equal to measure his intellect against. But we know that Keynes and Hayek held a famous dialogue through an exchange of letters, and that Hayek and the Austrian School had a few words to say about Keynes’s work, although Hayek is flagged for not having issued a critique of the General Theory (It is speculated that Hayek delayed because he expected Keynes’s thinking to evolve as it had in the past and the General Theory would be an intermediate step to further work, as previous work had been). This entire discussion was not mentioned anywhere. Not in the footnotes. Not in the bibliography. Keynes and Hayek appeared to have points on which they agreed, and issues on which they disagreed. It would have been good to have the same author detail these, and potentially other similar issues.
Keynes’s involvement with the Bloomsbury Set (p. 253) is likely the fulcrum of Keynes’ss life. It was where his core relationships were and where he drew his deepest desire to make his mark on the world. His “desire for recognition” (ie, Hegelian desire…) arose out of their chiding and his desire to “reclaim his standing” (p. 255). At the same time his Economic Consequences of the Peace, the work that shot Keynes to fame, was driven by Bloomsbury’s forcing Keynes to challenge his employer, the government, and its policies (p. 271).
Finally, the last few pages of the last chapter, Envoy, begin a new direction on where Keynes was heading post WWII, a time when the formation of the Modern State was in full swing in countries that were deemed free and on whose behalf Keynes had toiled to influence the set-up of economic systems. But as the American government rolled into action post war (who, after all, appeared to have well read their Keynes), he saw the IMF, World Bank get established, and Bretton Woods envelope currency systems around the West. And his first responses appeared to oppose these institutions’ initial direction and American imprint. We get a taste of his initial outrage. But there is no link to understanding how his thinking could have evolved. Could Keynes have shifted to more anti-establishment after seeing how the establishment used his ideas?
Ultimately we are left with the case of the intellectual becoming a man of action inside government. I had the opportunity to look at this issue in my study of Alexandre Kojeve – a Hegelian and sometimes Marxist eventually named “Kojevian” and an early Eurocrat given his early contributions to the creation of the Treaty of Rome. My early read of Kojeve was that he combined theory and action. That he was an intellectual who eventually put his money where his mouth was. But what I have realized more and more over the years is that most of these exercises have created Frankensteins. The European Community’s vision in theory was appealing. But in practice it is poorly implemented at best.
Keynes’s work on “universal” currencies appears in context of the formation of the IMF. But given his initial disaffection for the American control of the process, could we have seen a development toward an early understanding of the fallacies of trying to align national currencies with economies running at different growth rates and producing different levels of quality and quantity of output?
Additional reading/wishlist
http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2014/03/keynes-and-hayek
http://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBsQFjAAahUKEwj67Ye0xpjHAhWCFJIKHVfTCR8&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.econ.duke.edu%2F~bjc18%2Fdocs%2FWhy%2520Didn't%2520Hayek%2520Review%2520General%2520Theory.pdf&ei=RnjFVfqyH4KpyATXpqf4AQ&usg=AFQjCNE8NqF_Mx1hmgrIBma5sBVjYzhn9Q&bvm=bv.99804247,d.aWw
Angelica Vanessa Garnett: Deceived with Kindness (1984)
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Almost like a single book-end that doesn't really hold up the stature of the man ...
By William Gianopulos
A diverse read that takes us into various avenues of Keynes' mind and life. Doubtless the author hoped to tie together the many loose ends of Keynes life into a cohesive whole, but I'm not sure he was successful. For example, Keynes' sexual proclivities relate more to his Cambridge and Bloomsbury connections and play no part to his substantive impact on 20th (and 21st) Century economics. I found this chapter particularly odd, almost like a single book-end that doesn't really hold up the flow of any part of the book. But the writer helped me come to appreciate the man and his extraordinary times, and his role as the quintessential public servant, called upon to help solve intractable problems. You come to realize his stature dwarfs the likes of Krugman and Stiglitz; I dare say he would shudder to hear them speak his name in public. A true Liberal, Keynes would still shun the Socialists now ruling and teaching in elite universities around the world.
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